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Lingerie is a term for women's fashion undergarments. It derives
from the French word 'lin' for linen.[1] While the term in the
French language applies to all undergarments for either sex, in
English it is applied only to those women's undergarments designed
to be visually appealing or erotic, typically incorporating
materials such as Lycra, nylon (nylon tricot), polyester, satin,
lace and/or silk and not applied to functional cotton undergarments.
The concept of lingerie being visually appealing is relatively
recent. Up through the first half of the 20th century women selected
underwear for three major purposes: to alter their shape (first with
corsets and later with girdles or bras), for reasons of hygiene, or
for modesty. Women's underwear was often very large and bulky. As
the 20th century progressed underwear became smaller and more form
fitting. In the 1960s 'controversial' lingerie manufacturers such as
Frederick's of Hollywood begin to glamorize lingerie and the idea of
lingerie having a sexual appeal slowly developed.
The lingerie industry has expanded in the 21st century with designs
that double as outerwear. The French refer to this as 'dessous-dessus'
which basically means innerwear as outerwear. The boutique Faire
Frou Frou, which is an antiquated phrase meaning "show it off",
heralds this philosophy by categorizing lingerie as an accessory
with details such as straps and lace trim that should be layered and
shown as part of one's outerwear.
Pronunciation
The word is often pronounced, in approximation of the French
original (/lɛ̃ʒʀi/), as [ˌlɑn(d)ʒəˈɹi]. Nonetheless, alternatives
like [ˈlæn(d)ʒəˌɹeɪ], are also common. The Oxford English Reference
Dictionary gives only /ˈlɒnʒeɹi/.
Typology
* Babydoll, a short nightgown or negligee intended as nightwear for
women.
* Basque, a tight, form-fitting bodice or coat
* Bedjacket, worn over a nightgown or negligee for warmth and
modesty.
* Blanket sleeper
* Bloomers, underpants with short legs.
* Bodystocking, a unitard.
* Bodysuit, a leotard-like undergarment, usually skintight or
formfitting.
* Bodice, covers the body from the neck to the waist.
* Boy shorts, a style of panties, so named for their resemblance to
male shorts.
* Brassiere
* Bustier
* Camisole, sleeveless and tight fitting, covering the top part of
the body
* Camiknickers, camisole and knickers joined as one garment
* Cami Shorts
* Chemise
* Corset by bone, a bodice worn to mold and shape the torso.
* Corselet = Brassiere + Girdle
* Corsage by elastic, covering the body from the neck to the waist,
similar to a corset.
Women's panties or knickers
Women's panties or knickers
* Drawers a pant-like garment worn during the 19th century for
modesty and warmth. Some drawers were split-leg, in that the crotch
seam was left open.
* French maid, a form of ladies' fantasywear
* G-String/Thong, a narrow piece of cloth passes between the
buttocks, and is attached to a band around the hips, worn as a
bikini bottom or as underwear by both men and women.
* Garter
* Garter belt, used to keep stockings up
* Girdle, resembles a tight pair of athletic shorts
* Granny panties
* Hosiery
* Jersey nightshirt - A long, loose T-shirt made of cotton,
polyester, nylon or diaphanous chiffon that can be worn like a
Babydoll.
Woman wearing pantyhose.
* Knickers (British for underpants)
* Leotard
* Merry widow
* Naughty & Nice
* Negligee
* Nightgown or Nightie, a loosely hanging item of nightwear, may
vary from hip-length (babydoll) to floor-length (peignoir).
* Nightshirt
* Panties
* Peignoir
* Petticoat
* Pettipants
* Robe
* Slip (Full slip and Half slip / Underskirt)
* Spanky-Pants, "Spankies" (color-coordinated underpants worn by
cheerleaders)
* Stockings
* Stringbody
* Suspender belt (British), aka Garter belt (US)
* Tanga
* Tap Pants
* Teddy
* Undergarment
* Unitard One piece, skin tight garment
Panties are women's underwear.
Types of panties
A wide variety of types of panties exist. Bikini panties are
designed so that the hip connectors are small, like on those of
swimwear. String bikini panties are the most commonly worn type in
the United States and are similar to regular bikini panties, but
instead of a thin hip grip, they have a small string, which
sometimes ties around the waist rather than being pulled up over
them. String bikinis are considered more revealing. String bikinis
are usually made of satin or silk, but occasionally from other
fabrics. High-cut, or control top, are cut higher on the hip to
slightly pull in and shape the stomach to conceal obesity. High-cut
are usually worn by older women and are often shunned by younger
women. Boyshorts describe a type of female underwear that has a
lower, thicker cut of material around the hips, making them appear
as shorts that men would wear. They are sometimes by men and women
alike criticized as not being feminine, although some women do wear
them. The g-string is a thong panty with a string running between
the buttocks. It is often jokingly referred to as "floss" by critics
and some comedians.
Panties are made of a variety of materials and fabrics including
satin, silk, pvc, cotton, nylon, mesh, lace, rawhide, leather,
latex, lycra, and/or polyester.
In British English, and in places such as the UK, Australia, New
Zealand, Ireland, South Africa and India, panties are often referred
to as knickers. The term knickers is not generally used in the USA
and Canada, where the term "panties" is usually favored.
History
Before recent times, women's underwear were made with the primary
function of body contortion. In the 1940s, Frederick's of Hollywood
opened shop in Hollywood and began selling corsets and lingerie with
a much more fashionable appeal to them. These new styles of women's
undergarments possessed a greater sexual feel, made even more
glamorized by models such as Bettie Page.
Colorful, bright, sexy, and flashier fashions of women's lingerie
were becoming available. More fabrics such as satin, lace and silk
began to be incorporated into the makeup of women's lingerie, making
them more desired by females and more sensual to males. This is
perhaps the great turning point when panties became more than simple
hygiene products and developed into an icon of pleasure and
sexuality worldwide.
Since then, women in flattering and provocative panties and lingerie
have become a staple of several functions of men's and lesbian's
popular culture. Several men's magazines such as Maxim and FHM often
use images of attractive females in sensual lingerie to capture
mainstream appeal.
Cultural impact
During the 1960s, there was a stir among the old, traditional views
of women's undergarments that they wanted to look more like females
anatomies. Female anatomy was largely misunderstood due to
censorship of the subject. Some feminist women were proclaiming how
traditional women's undergarments were created to impose control and
distort the appearance of women's figures. This movement caused many
females to have a new outlook on how they viewed their
undergarments. The underpants began to have themselves made more
like woman anatomy.
Not long after, in the 1970s, a new chapter in women's taste opened.
Women's undergarments became even more sexualized due to the ongoing
sexual revolution at that time. The underpants got smaller and
skinnier and began to sexualize themselves more up front.
In today's society, panties have become an item of great interest in
themselves. Considered by some to be risqué, panties have caused the
lingerie industry to take advantage of their erotic associations.
Lingerie chains such as Victoria's Secret and Frederick's of
Hollywood hold annual modeling shows to showcase new varieties of
panties and other assorted lingerie.
A number of non-nude pornography websites survive through selling
photo sets of women posing in panties and other lingerie.
In most modern cultures, panties have become a bit of a cultural
icon describing sexual mischief and a fun way of life, especially
for teenage girls and women in their early twenties who are more
likely to enjoy them than women who grew up wearing granny panties.
In Japan, panties (pantsu) are commonly depicted as being a highly
flirtatious, naughty element to a female's persona.
When a girl's skirt comes up high enough for her panties to be seen,
it is called a 'panty shot'. Many websites on the internet make
profits from selling the aforementioned kind of pornography or
voyeurism.
When a male or female wears clothes without undergarments, it is
often referred to as going commando.
Pantyhose (also called tights) are sheer, close fitting coverings of
the body from the waist to the feet, most frequently worn by women.
Like stockings they are usually made of nylon. The one-piece
pantyhose garment appeared in the 1960s and provided a convenient
alternative to stockings (nylons).
The term 'pantyhose' originated in the United States, referring to
the combination of 'panties' (an American term for women's
underpants) with sheer nylon hosiery, meaning they are usually worn
without other undergarments. In the United Kingdom, they are called
tights, a term that refers to all such garments regardless of
whether they are sheer lingerie or sturdy outerwear. In the U.S.,
the term tights is used for non-sheer garments typically made of a
stretchy material like spandex, and worn during exercise or athletic
activity, or as utility clothing.
History
In the 1920s the fashionable hemline for women's skirts and dresses
began to rise enough to show a woman's legs and sheer hosiery that
covered the legs was only available as stockings. They were
typically made of silk or artificial silk (now known as rayon), and
after 1939 with nylon.
In 1959, Allen Gant Sr. of Glen Raven Mills introduced pantyhose.
Stocking manufacturers began using circular knitting machines to
reduce manual labor and create seam-free stockings. In 1965, Glen
Raven Mills introduced a seam-free version of pantyhose, which
coincided with the introduction of the miniskirt. The miniskirt made
it unfashionable to show the tops of a woman's stockings, and by the
end of the decade pantyhose had replaced stockings almost entirely.
This also contributed to a marked shift in foundation undergarment
sales: younger women stopped buying girdles around this time. In the
same period hosiery started adding spandex or adult bodystocking to give it
stretch superior to crimping nylon. Glen Raven Mills still operates
in North Carolina, U.S. as Glen Raven Inc.
Starting sometime in the 90s, pantyhose went almost completely out
of fashion. Until recently, women, in general no longer wore
pantyhose unless it was mandated by dress code, typically found at
corporate companies and executive level. An exception to this was
the wearing of special pantyhose such as fishnet or various pattern
types, but this was a rather rare occurrence.
However, in the mid 00s of this century pantyhose have been
appearing once again in fashion and public, indicating the
reoccurring cycle of couture once again is bringing the leg covering
back into vogue. With the return to Paris runways and Haute Couture
it should only be a matter of time before pantyhose makes a
mainstream resurgence.
Pantyhose styles
Pantyhose are available in a wide range of popular styles. The
sheerness of the garment, expressed as a numerical 'denier'/'dtex',
ranges from 3 (extremely rare, very thin, barely visible) to 15
(standard sheer) up to 30 (semi opaque) until 70 (opaque).
For people who want a slimmer form, they may opt to get "Control
Top", which has a reinforced panty. The downside to Control Top
Pantyhose are the panty lines that may appear when wearing high cut
skirts or shorts. Sheer to Waist are just that - sheer from the toe
to the waist. The "panty" portion is same thickness and color as the
leg portion. Often, but not always, sheer to waist pantyhose will be
reinforced along and on either side of the seam in the middle of the
panty. Perfect for high slit gowns, mini-skirts and when wearing
with lingerie.
Also for the person who wants a bit more support on the top half,
there are pantyhose that have panel gussets incorporated into them.
These are either single or double types. In the single type, there
are two seams instead of the usual one, with a single one on the
opposite side; with double panel gussets, there are two seams on
either side. The single type can be worn either way. They both help
to expand the top panty area. There are also types of pantyhose
which have a lacy panty area which is normally floral in design.
(citation needed) Many pantyhose brands now produce pantyhose that
do away with seams completely, so that the outline is smooth from
top to bottom.
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Hot Underwear
Modern jockstrapBy the early 20th century, the mass-produced
undergarment industry was booming, and competition forced producers
to come up with all sorts of innovative and gimmicky designs to
compete. The Hanes company emerged from this boom and quickly
established itself as a top manufacturer of union suits. Textile
technology continued to improve, and the time to make a single union
suit dropped from days to minutes.
Meanwhile, designers of women's undergarments relaxed the corset.
The invention of new, flexible but supportive materials allowed them
to remove the whalebone and steel while still providing support. The
emancipation or liberty bodice offered an alternative to
constricting corsets, and in Australia and the United Kingdom, the
liberty bodice became a standard item, for girls as well as women.
Hot
Bra
Ladies' underwear advertisement, 1913The increase in the number of
underwear manufacturers necessitated the birth of undergarment
advertising. The first underwear print advertisement in the United
States ran in the Saturday Evening Post in 1911 and featured oil
paintings by J.C. Leyendecker of the "Kenosha Klosed Krotch". Early
underwear advertisements placed emphasis on durability and comfort;
fashion was never a selling point.
By the end of the 1910s, Chalmers Knitting Company split the union
suit into upper and lower sections, effectively inventing the modern
undershirt and drawers. Women wore lacier versions of this basic duo
known as the camisole and drawers.
In 1913, a New York socialite named Mary Phelps Jacob changed
women's fashion forever when she cobbled the first brassiere
together by tying two handkerchiefs together with ribbon. Jacob's
original intention was to cover the whalebone sticking out of her
corset, which was visible through her sheer dress. Jacob began
making brassieres for her family and friends, and word of mouth soon
spread about the garment. By 1914, Jacob had a patent for her design
and was marketing it throughout the United States. Although women
had worn brassiere-like garments years past, Jacob's was the first
to be successfully marketed and widely adopted.
In 1912, the United States had its first professional underwear
designer. Lindsay "Layneau" Boudreaux, an immigrant from France
established the short lived panty company "Layneau". Though her
company closed within one year, it had a significant impact on many
levels. Boudreaux showed the world that an American woman could
establish and run a company, and she also caused a revolution in the
underwear industry. Boudreaux is possibly the reason why up-scale
underwear and panty stores exist today.
By the end of the decade, trouser-like "bloomers" (popularized by
Amelia Jenks Bloomer 1818-1894 but invented by Elizabeth Smith
Miller) gained popularity with the so-called Gibson girls who
enjoyed more athletic pursuits such as bicycling and tennis. This
new female athleticism helped push the corset out of style, as well.
The other major factor in the corset's demise was the fact that
metal was in short supply in much of the world during World War I.
Steel-laced corsets were dropped in favor of the brassiere.
Meanwhile, the soldiers of World War I were issued button-front
shorts as underwear. The buttons attached to a separate piece of
cloth, or yoke, sewn to the front of the garment, and tightness of
fit was adjusted by means of ties on the sides. This design proved
so popular that it began to supplant the union suit in popularity by
the end of the war. Garments of rayon also became widely available
in the post-war period.
1920s
corset over "step ins" and camisole,1922.In the 1920s, manufacturers
shifted emphasis from durability to comfort. Union suit ads raved
about "patented" new designs that reduced the number of buttons and
increased accessibility. Most of these experimental designs had to
do with new ways to hold closed the crotch flap common on most union
suits and drawers. A new woven cotton fabric called nainsook gained
popularity in the 1920s for its durability. Retailers also began
selling preshrunk undergarments.
Women's bloomers became much shorter and stockings covered the legs
instead. The shorter bloomers became looser and less supportive as
the boyish flapper look came into fashion. By the end of the decade,
they came to be known as step-ins, very much like modern panties but
with wider legs, worn for the increased flexibility they afforded.
As dancing became a favorite pastime of young flappers, the garter
belt was invented to keep stockings from falling. Nevertheless, the
increased sexuality of the flapper also made underwear sexier than
ever before. It was the flappers who ushered in the era of lingerie.
A Russian immigrant named Ida Rosenthal further developed the
brassiere in this decade when she introduced modern cup sizes in
1928 for her company, Maidenform.
1930s
A man wearing a pair of boxer shortsMeanwhile, other modern men's
underwear was largely an invention of the 1930s. On January 19,
1935, Coopers Inc. sold the world's first briefs in Chicago. The
company placed a Y-shaped front and overlapping fly on knitted
drawers in both short and long styles. They dubbed the design the
"jockey" since it offered a degree of support that had previously
only been available from the jockstrap (the company itself would
later adopt the name Jockey, as well). Jockey briefs proved so
popular that over 30,000 pairs were sold within three months of
their introduction.
Companies began selling buttonless drawers fitted with an elastic
waistband, the first true boxer shorts (named for their resemblance
to the shorts worn by professional fighters). Scovil Manufacturing
also introduced the snap fastener at this time, which became a
popular addition to various kinds of undergarments.
Women of this decade brought the corset back, now called the girdle.
The garment lacked the whalebone and metal supports and usually came
with a brassiere (now usually called a bra) and often garters
attached.
1940s
During World War II, elastic waistbands and metal snaps gave way
once again to button fasteners due to rubber and metal shortages.
Undergarments were harder to find, as well, since soldiers abroad
had priority to get them.
At war's end, Jockey and Hanes remained the industry leader in the
United States, but Cluett, Peabody and Company would make a name for
itself when it introduced a preshrinking process called
Sanforization, which came to be licensed by most major
manufacturers.
Meanwhile, some women readopted the corset once again, now called
the waspie for the wasp-shaped waistline it gave the wearer. Many
women began wearing the strapless bra, as well, which gained
popularity for its ability to push the breasts up and enhance
cleavage.
1950s and 1960s
Corselette of 1953In the 1950s, underwear manufacturers began
marketing printed and colored garments. What had once been a simple,
white piece of clothing not to be shown in public suddenly became a
fashion statement. The manufacturers also experimented with rayon
and newer fabrics like dacron and nylon. By 1960, men's underwear
was regularly printed in loud patterns or with images ranging from
messages to cartoon characters.
Women's undergarments began to emphasize the breasts instead of the
waist in the 1950s. The decade saw the introduction of the bullet
bra, which featured pointed cups. The original Wonderbra and
Fredericks of Hollywood's push-up bra finally hit it big in this
decade as well. Meanwhile, women's panties had become even more
colorful and decorative, and by the mid-Sixties were also available
in two smaller, more abbreviated styles called the hip-hugger and
the bikini (after the island of that name), frequently in sheer
nylon fabric.
Pantyhose, also called "tights" in British English, which combined
panties and hose into one garment, made their first appearance in
1959, invented by Glen Raven Mills of North Carolina. The company
later introduced seamless pantyhose in 1965, spurred by the
popularity of the miniskirt. By the end of this decade, the girdle
had fallen out of favor as women chose sexier and lighter
alternatives.[2]
1970s till the present day
Woman in camisole, garters and stockingsUnderwear as fashion matured
in the 1970s and 1980s, and underwear advertisers forgot about
comfort and durability, at least in advertising. Sex appeal became
the main selling point, in swimwear as well, bringing to fruition a
trend that had been building since at least the flapper era
(underwear is the last barrier before nudity, and thus it acts as a
sort of gatekeeper to sex).
Tank tops, an undershirt type named after the Tank suit swimwear
which dates from the 1920s, have been popular warm-weather casual
wear in the United States since the 1980s and are regarded as
acceptable public casual dress in most locales there.
Performers in the 1980s such as Madonna and Cyndi Lauper also got
into the act, often wearing undergarments on top of other clothes.
Later, in the 1990s, hip hop stars would popularize a similar style,
known as the Sag, which allowed loosely fitting blue jeans or shorts
to droop low, exposing the underwear. In fact, in the case of Mark
Wahlberg, it was his success as underwear model for Calvin Klein
(with his chiseled muscularity on full display in a series of
advertisements in the early 1990s) that allowed him a double launch
to showbiz fame as both a white hip hop star and a respectable
Hollywood actor.
The composition of pantyhose
Most pantyhose are composed of nylon and a mixture of spandex, which
provides the elasticity and form fitting that is characteristic of
modern pantyhose. Unfortunately, the nylon fabric is somewhat prone
to tearing and it is common for very sheer hose to 'run' soon after
snagging on something rough or sharp.
Pantyhose worn for fashion have a standard construction. The top of
the waist is a strong elastic. The part covering the hips (panty
area) is composed of a thicker material than the legs. The gusset or
crotch is also a stronger material, sometimes made of cotton. The
legs of the pantyhose are made of the thinnest material which has a
consistent construction down to the toes, which may be reinforced to
guard against wear.
Advantages of pantyhose
On mildly or moderately cold days, pantyhose help keep the legs warm
for those wearing skirts or dresses. Above all pantyhose hides
blemishes or scars on the legs, leg hair stubble, and varicose
veins. On cold dry days, pantyhose can help prevent the legs from
becoming too dry. Some companies regard wearing skirts or shorts
without pantyhose as unprofessional and thus require people who wear
skirts or shorts to work to also wear pantyhose or sheer tights at sheer pantyhose.
Dark pantyhose, and black pantyhose in particular, can create the
illusion of slimmer legs. Another flip side depends on the wearer's
skin tone - dark hose shows runs when worn over light skin, whilst
lighter hose show water spots flipped up from the heel after walking
in the rain. Whilst, as detailed below, the material is not
absorbent, it is quick drying (for example after walking in the
rain/being splashed by traffic).
Support hosiery can be worn to support the leg. Regulating blood
circulation in the legs, it helps those who work on their feet with
preventing/helping varicose veins and resolving pain in the back and
legs.
Disadvantages of pantyhose
The nylon fabric of pantyhose is extremely prone to runs (called
laddering in the United Kingdom). A woman can even cause a run in
the hose by catching the toenail of her big toe in the fabric when
she puts the hose on, catching it on a desk, car, and numerous other
'risks'. Some women use clear nail polish to prevent runs from
growing.
Unlike cotton, nylon is not an absorbent material. As a result,
perspiration from the wearer's feet is more likely to remain in
contact with the feet, which may feel unpleasant to the wearer. If
one wears high heels with pantyhose, the increased moisture can
cause the feet to slip forward in the shoe, causing the toes to be
scrunched together. The increased moisture also causes the foot to
move around inside the shoe. This, combined with the fact that
pantyhose are thinner than cotton socks and thus do not provide as
much skin protection, can lead to blisters on the foot, heel, and
ankle.
Men and adult boxer
While traditionally considered a women's garment, pantyhose are
occasionally worn by men for thermal protection and therapeutic
relief. In the late 1990s several small manufacturers introduced
pantyhose styles designed for men to cater to this niche market.
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Man wearing popular Bond's brand "tighty-whiteys"Although it was worn
for decades by exotic dancers, the g-string first gained popularity in
South America, particularly in Brazil, in the 1980s. It was originally a
style of swimsuit made so that the back of the suit is so thin that it
disappears between the buttocks. By the 1990s, the design had made its
way to most of the Western World, and thong underwear became popular.
Today, thong underwear is one of the fastest selling styles available
among women and is even gaining some popularity among men.
In the 1990s, retailers started selling boxer briefs, which take the
longer shape of boxers but maintain the tightness of briefs. Though
marketed as a new design, these are actually quite similar to the bottom
half of the two-part union suits worn in the 1910s. In 2006, fashion
gurus Trinny Woodall and Susannah Constantine released a new style of
underwear, which are made of Nylon and designed to flatten the tummy or
buttocks so that the areas appear slimmer, therefore acting as both
underwear and a slimming mechanism.[3]
Underwear and brassieres are a common sex symbol in culture today and
modeling such as fashion shows
Men's underwear, 1990s to the present
Men's underwear styles in the present day have seen a dramatic shift in
style when compared to the evolution of female styles in underwear.
While women's underwear continued to emphasize feminine sexuality,
around the late 1980s and early 1990s; particularly in the United
States, men's underwear styles began to deemphasize sexuality, in favor
of baggier and looser styles. This trend also became evident in
swimwear, which grew longer and looser in this period as well as all
other fashions which also became consciously baggier and less form
fitting. Despite this exodus from extremely revealing undergarments,
tighter fitting underwear still remains popular.
Religious significance
Mormon Temple garments (two-piece style)
The tzitzis strings of one corner of a tallit. Note how the eight
strings are really four that are folded through the hole on the
tallit.Undergarments can also have religious significance. For example:
Some members of the The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints wear
special undergarments after they have been endowed in a temple to help
them remember the teachings of the temple.[4]
Many Jews wear a four-cornered garment called a tallit katan, with
tzitzit (fringes) attached at the corners[5].
Some Hindus wear a sacred thread, called the Yajñopavītam, underneath
their clothing.
One of the five articles of the Sikh faith is underwear called kaccha.
Underwear styles and function
Traditional BriefToday, there are many options in underwear available.
These include
boxer style (at or near true waist, leg sections extending to thighs)
woven boxer (traditional)
knit boxer (like traditional but with more fabric give)
boxer brief (also knit; more form-fitting)
pouch boxer brief (boxer briefs but with pouch for genitals rather than
access flap)
athletic-style (skin-tight, usually with no access pouch or flap; like
short tights; a variation are cycling shorts
retro style (boxer shorts in a brief style)
brief style (knit fabric, with access pouch or flap; usually at or near
true waist, leg bands at tops of thighs
traditional brief (vertical flap)
double seat brief or double back brief
diagonal flap brief
pouch brief
low-cut/low-rise brief
bikini brief (usually lower than true waist, often at hips, usually no
access pouch or flap, legs bands at tops of thighs)
high-side bikini brief
low-side bikini brief
string bikini brief (the front and rear sections meet in the crotch with
a shoestring-like thread at the top, with no fabric on the side of the
legs)
g-string type (with a front pouch for the genitals but no rear coverage)
thong (with a strap securing the pouch at the bottom rear, passing up
the crack between the buttocks to the waistband)
athletic supporters, also known as jockstraps (with two straps securing
the pouch at the bottom rear, passing through the perineum, around the
bases of the buttocks up to the waistband at the sides) and dance belt
strapless pouches (with a front pouch and waistband only, no securing
straps)
Man in boxer briefs (trunks style)
Women's panties or knickersThere are also many types of long underwear,
union suits, and other variations of men's underwear. Some underpants
also have a fly. These usually do not allow detachment at the waist;
elasticity allows them to be taken on and off. Usually the fly of
underpants avoids exposure of the skin just by an overlap of cloth,
without buttons, etc. Such a property may be one of the criteria for
boxer shorts not to be suitable as outer clothing.
Today, there are many specialized types of underwear made for sexual
purposes, such as edible underwear or crotchless panties. Most of these
are meant simply to display the body or genitals in certain ways, while
some are intended to provide genital stimulation as well. Frederick's of
Hollywood is an example of a business centered around manufacturing and
selling such underwear.
Not wearing undergarments
Main article: Going commando
Not wearing undergarments under one's outer clothing is also known in
American slang as freeballing for men or freebuffing for females; the
terms going commando and going bareback are also used for both sexes.[6]
Finding female celebrities who are not wearing underwear and taking
upskirt pictures of them is quite a common action undertaken by the
paparazzi as the right picture of the right woman can earn them a lot of
money.
This trend shows that a few consider underwear unnecessary for hygiene,
especially for modern people who bathe every day.
In situations where a certain amount of body coverage is required
(legally or socially), people who prefer to go clothes free might enjoy
not wearing undergarments, as that is the closest they can get to
nudity. For others, there may be sexual motives; undergarments are the
final physical barrier to sex, and not wearing them might be arousing.
Cycling shorts and swimwear such as board shorts are usually worn
without underwear. Often the same applies for a kilt. |
Undergarment
(Redirected from Underwear)• Ten things you may not know about images on
Wikipedia •Jump to: navigation, search
"Underwear" redirects here. For other uses, see Underwear
(disambiguation).
For the types and styles of women's undergarments, see lingerie.
Undergarments, also called "underwear", "underpants," "lingerie", or
"panties" (undergarments for women), or sometimes "intimate clothing",
and "pants" or "knickers", are clothes worn next to the skin, usually
under other clothes. They are also known as 'Katch' or 'Katchie' and
worn under Indian traditional clothing.
Contents
1 Uses
2 History
2.1 Ancient history
2.2 Middle Ages and Renaissance
2.2.1 Male undergarments
2.2.2 Female undergarments
2.3 Enlightenment and Industrial Age
2.4 1900s
2.5 1910s
2.6 1920s
2.7 1930s
2.8 1940s
2.9 1950s and 1960s
2.10 1970s till the present day
2.11 Men's underwear, 1990s to the present
3 Religious significance
4 Underwear styles and function
5 Not wearing undergarments
6 Underwear exposed above trousers and not wearing it
7 Designers / retailers of underwear
8 See also
9 References
10 Further reading
11 External links
Uses
A man wearing a Japanese traditional fundoshi—specifically a red
rokushaku.Some clothing is specifically underwear, while some is also
used as swimsuits (if made of suitable material), and both T-shirts and
some shorts are suitable as underwear as well as outer clothing.
Suitability as outer clothing is, apart from outdoor or indoor climate,
largely a social and sometimes even a legal matter. One of the criteria
for shorts not to be suitable as outer clothing may be that it has a fly
that avoids exposure of the genitals just by an overlap of cloth,
without buttons etc.[citation needed]
In the English Regency times this garment, basic for both men and women,
was straight cut, usually knee length, and had the elbow length sleeves
set straight into the shoulders.
The two major types of men's underpants are boxer shorts (shorts-length
and loose; also known as "boxers") and briefs (smaller and tighter),
which are also referred to as Y-fronts in British English.
In addition to keeping outer garments from soiling, undergarments are
worn for a variety of reasons: warmth, comfort and hygiene being the
most common. Undergarments are often used for modesty or erotic display;
sometimes both of these motivations are simultaneously present.
History
Ancient history
Roman female underwear from a mosaic at the Piazza Armerina, Sicily.The
loincloth is the simplest form of underwear; it was probably the first
undergarment worn by human beings. A loincloth may take three major
forms. The first, and simplest, is simply a long strip of material which
is passed between the legs and then around the waist. The ancient
Hawaiian malo was of this form, as are several styles of the Japanese
fundoshi. Another form is usually called a cache-sexe: a triangle of
cloth is provided with strings or loops, which are used to fasten the
triangle between the legs and over the genitals. The alternate form is
more skirt-like: a cloth is wrapped around the hips several times and
then fastened with a girdle.
In warmer climates, the loincloth may be the only clothing worn (making
it effectively not an undergarment), as was doubtlessly its origin, but
in colder temperatures, the loincloth often forms the basis of a
person's clothing and is covered by other garments. In most ancient
civilizations, this was the only undergarment available (King
Tutankhamun was buried with 145 of them).
Men are said to have worn loincloths in ancient Greece and Rome, though
it is unclear whether Greek women wore undergarments. Mosaics of the
Roman period indicate Roman women (primarily in an athletic context,
whilst wearing nothing else) sometimes wore wrapped breastcloths or
brassieres made of soft leather, along with loincloths and possibly
something like panties.
Any cloth used may have been wool, linen or linsey-woolsey blend. Only
the upper classes could have afforded imported silk.
The loincloth continues to be worn by people around the world (it is the
traditional form of undergarment in many Asian societies, for example).
In various, mainly tropical, cultures, the traditional male dress may
still prescribe only a single garment below the waist or even none at
all, with underwear as optional, including the Far eastern Dhoti and
Lungi or the Scottish kilt.
Middle Ages and Renaissance
Male undergarments
Medieval braiesIn the Middle Ages, western men's underwear became looser
fitting. The loincloth was replaced by loose, trouser-like clothing
called braies, which the wearer stepped into and then laced or tied
around the waist and legs at about mid-calf. Wealthier men often wore
chausses as well, which only covered the legs.
By the Renaissance, the chausses became form-fitting like modern Hose,
and the braies became shorter to accommodate longer styles of chausses.
However, chausses and many braies designs were not intended to be
covered up by other clothing, so they are not actually underwear in the
strictest sense.
Charles V: 1530s codpiece.Braies were usually fitted with a flap in the
front that buttoned or tied closed. This codpiece allowed men to urinate
without having to remove the braies completely. Henry VIII of England
began padding his own codpiece, which caused a spiraling trend of larger
and larger codpieces that only ended by the end of the 16th century.
There are two possible explanations for Henry VIII's codpiece becoming
larger and larger. It is speculated that he, along with many others in
this time period, may have had the venereal disease syphilis. The large
codpiece may have included a bandage soaked in medication to relieve the
symptoms. It would then be wrapped again to protect the outer clothing.
Henry VIII also wanted a healthy son and may have thought that
projecting himself in this way would portray fertility.
The modern men's shirt appeared during this era, but it was originally
an undergarment. Men would wear this long shirt under their other
clothing and pull the long piece up from the back and then put their
braies on over the shirt. In this way the shirt acted as underwear.
Renaissance noblemen also adopted the doublet, a vest-like garment tied
together in the front and worn under other clothing.
Female undergarments
This lady wears an informal linen jacket over her rose-pink pair of
bodies (corset), smock, and elaborate petticoat, c. 1600Medieval women
usually wore a close-fitting garment called a chemise in France or a
smock in England (occasionally a shift), sometimes coupled with braies-like
leg wrappings.
They may have worn petticoats over the shift and under the dress.
Quilted petticoats could be worn during the winter. Elaborately-quilted
petticoats might be displayed by a cut-away dress, in which case they
became a skirt rather than an undergarment.
During the 16th century, the farthingale was popular. This was a
petticoat stiffened with reed or willow rods so that it stood out from a
woman's body, like a cone extending from the waist.
Corsets also began to be worn about this time. At first they were called
pair of bodies, which may refer both to a stiffened bodice designed to
be seen, and a bodice stiffened with buckram, reeds, canes, whalebone
etc., worn underneath another, decorative, bodice. These were not the
small-waisted, curvy corsets familiar from the Victorian period, but
straight-lined corsets that flattened the bust.
There is a myth that Crusaders worried about the fidelity of their wives
and forced them to wear chastity belts. There is no reference, image, or
surviving belt to support this story. In fact most historians of this
period are of the view that chastity belts were worn to prevent sexual
assault and that the woman kept the key.
Enlightenment and Industrial Age
"Tight Lacing, or Fashion Before Ease", a satirical drawing of the early
1770sThe inventions of the spinning jenny machines and the cotton gin in
the second half of the 18th century made cotton fabrics widely
available. This allowed factories to mass-produce underwear, and for the
first time, people began buying undergarments in stores rather than
making them at home.
Women's stays of the 18th century were laced behind and drew the
shoulders back to form a high, round bosom and erect posture. With the
relaxed country styles of the end of the century, stays became shorter
and were unboned or only lightly boned, and were now called corsets.
Undue binding of a corset sometimes led to a woman needing to retire to
the fainting room. Colored stays were fashionable.
'health corsets' in 1883As tight waists became fashionable in the 1820s,
the corset was again boned and laced to form the figure. By the 1860s, a
tiny ('wasp') waist came to be seen as a symbol of beauty, and the
corsets were stiffened with whalebone or steel to accomplish this. By
the 1880s, the dress reform movement was campaigning against the pain
and damage to internal organs and bones caused by tight lacing. Inez
Gaches-Sarraute invented the Health corset, with a straight-fronted bust
made to help support the muscles of the wearer.
The corset was usually worn over a thin shirt-like garment of cotton or
muslin called a shift. Shift In the latter half of the 19th century,
long drawers, called pantalettes or pantaloons, often accompanied the
shift to keep the legs out of sight as skirts styles got shorter.
As skirts became fuller from the 1830s, women wore a profusion of
petticoats to achieve the fashionable bell shape. By the 1850s,
stiffened crinolines and later hoop skirts allowed ever wider skirts to
be worn.
The bustle, a frame or pad worn over the buttocks to enhance their
shape, had been used off and on by women for two centuries, but it
reached the height of its popularity the later 1880s, and went out of
fashion for good in the 1890s.
union suitThe standard undergarment of the late 19th century for men,
women and children was the union suit, which provided coverage from the
wrists to the ankles (this "second skin" style is more commonly known as
long johns today). The union suits of the era were usually made of
knitted material and included a drop flap in the back to ease visits to
the toilet. Drawers for women were not generally worn until the
mid-nineteenth century when the adoption of crinolines made them
necessary for reasons of modesty and warmth.
The jockstrap was invented in 1874 by C. F. Bennett of a Chicago
sporting goods company, Sharp & Smith, to provide comfort and support
for bicycle jockeys riding the cobblestone streets of Boston. In 1897
Bennett's newly-formed Bike Web Company patented and began
mass-producing the Bike Jockey Strap[1]. |
 |
hot lingerie: corset, sometimes, corsets, a
close-fitting undergarment, stiffened with whalebone or similar material
and often capable of being tightened by lacing, enclosing the adult
costume trunk: worn, esp. by women, to shape and support the adult
costume body. |
 |
hot thong: clubwear is a kind of fashion
design, primarily in ready-to-wear lines, boyfriend is any style for
women's clothing that was modified from a corresponding men's garment. |
 |
hot costume: robe is a loose-fitting outer
garment. A robe is distinguished from a cape or cloak by the adult
costume fact that it usually has sleeves. |
Hot Lingerie
As already noted, there is no agreed standard across all manufacturers
for measuring and specifying bra size. Obtaining the adult costume
correct size is further complicated by the adult costume fact that the
adult costume size and shape of a woman's breasts fluctuate during her
menstrual cycle, and also with weight gain or loss. Even breathing can
substantially alter the adult costume measurements. It is frequently
stated, from the adult costume results of surveys, that between 70 and
100% of women are wearing incorrectly fitted bras. This may be partly
due to a lack of understanding of how to correctly determine bra size;
it may also be due to unusual or unexpectedly rapid growth in size
brought on by pregnancy, weight gain, or medical conditions including
virginal breast hypertrophy. As breasts become larger, their shape and
the adult costume distribution of the adult costume tissues within them
changes, becoming
hot
lingerie and bulbous rather than conical. This makes measurements
increasingly unreliable, especially for large breasts. Similarly the
adult costume heavier a build the adult costume woman has, the adult
costume more inaccurate the adult costume underbust measurement as the
adult costume tape sinks into the adult costume flesh more easily.
Finally, most women are asymmetrical (10% severely), with the adult
costume left breast being larger in 62%, especially when the adult
costume breasts are large.
Types of bra
A wide range of styles of brassieres now exists, to be worn in a variety
of situations, and with a variety of outer garments. For instance
strapless, backless and multiway bra styles
hot lingerie in
being invisible underneath less than full coverage garments whereas push
up and plunge focus on shaping the adult costume bust and cleavage. the
adult costume degree of shaping and coverage of the adult costume
breasts varies between styles, as do functionality and fashion, fabric,
and colour. Styles range from the adult costume purely utilitarian to
the adult costume sensual. Others include various accessory structures
such as padding and underwiring. Many bras will fall into more than one
category, such as a maternity bra designed for facilitating access to
the adult costume nipple, but that is also designed to provide support
to heavier lactating breasts. Definitions are not always very accurate
or exclusive (e.g. shelf bra). Sports bras have more recently been
developed with the adult costume primary purpose of restricting breast
movement to aid comfort.
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Hot Thong
Many of the adult costume statements about the adult costume benefits of
bras are actually situations where they can make things worse, because
the adult costume vast majority of women wear bras that are ill-fitting.
For instance, rather than keeping the adult costume breasts away from
the adult costume chest wall, bras that are too tight can actually
compress them against the adult costume chest even further. This also
pulls the adult costume upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae (spine)
forward and down, interfering with back, shoulder and chest movement. As
they did with corsets, health professionals have also had concerns about
the adult costume constricting effects of brassieres, although this
varies considerably with design and the adult costume relative size of
the adult costume bra and the adult costume breast. While at least
sports bras do not usually cause any significant impairment in
respiration, some bras may put pressure on nerves. Others believe that
wearing a bra can actually increase the adult costume downward movement
of the adult costume breasts with age, because the adult costume chest
at hot thong that
support breasts are used less and atrophy from lack of use.
Use of a properly fitting bra is regularly recommended for reduction of
hot thong
from exercise or other activities which cause the adult costume breasts
to bounce, or for pain related to fibrocystic breast disease. A trial
comparing the adult costume effectiveness of danazole versus use of a
sports bra for treatment of the adult costume sports bra to be
much more effective, and avoided the adult costume side effects
experienced by 42% of those taking danazole. Sports bras were also found
most effective at reducing mastalgia caused by exercise. When the adult
costume shoulder straps transfer most of the adult costume weight of the
adult costume breast, a deep groove can be seen over the adult costume
shoulder. Use of thin straps, such as spaghetti straps, can exert
pressure on the adult costume trapezius muscle, resulting in temporary
symptoms such as neck and shoulder pain; numbness and tingling in the
adult costume arm; and headaches.
This seems more common in women whose activities require them to lift
their arms above the adult costume shoulders. In a study of 100 women
with painful shoulders, they were asked to not wear their bras for two
weeks, by which time their symptoms had improved but returned within an
hour of replacing the adult costume bra. 84% did not elevate their arms,
and in these symptom relief was complete. Three years later, 79% of the
adult costume women were still bra free; the adult costume remainder
preferred pain to not wearing a bra. 16% worked in occupations requiring
elevating their arms, and only achieved partial improvement. 13 of the
adult costume 16 decided to become bra-free, and by six months all were
cured.
stretch superior to crimping nylon.
|
Hot Costume
Starting sometime in the adult costume 90s, pantyhose went almost
completely out of fashion. Until recently, women, in general no longer
wore pantyhose unless it was mandated by dress code, typically found at
corporate companies and executive level. An exception to this was the
adult costume wearing of special pantyhose such as fishnet or various
pattern types, but this was a rather rare occurrence.
However, in the adult costume
hot costume of
this century pantyhose have been appearing once again in fashion and
public, indicating the adult costume reoccurring cycle of couture once
again is bringing the adult costume leg covering back into vogue. With
the adult costume return to Paris runways and Haute Couture it should
only be a matter of time before pantyhose makes a mainstream resurgence.
Pantyhose styles
Pantyhose are available in a wide range of popular styles. the adult
costume sheerness of the adult costume garment, expressed as a numerical
'hot
costume', ranges from 3 (extremely rare, very thin, barely visible)
to 15 (standard sheer) up to 30 (semi opaque) until 70 (opaque).
For people who want a slimmer form, they may opt to get "Control Top",
which has a reinforced panty. the adult costume downside to Control Top
Pantyhose are the adult costume panty lines that may appear when wearing
high cut skirts or shorts. Sheer to Waist are just that - sheer from the
adult costume toe to the adult costume waist. the adult costume "panty"
portion is same thickness and color as the adult costume leg portion.
Often, but not always, sheer to waist pantyhose will be reinforced along
and on either side of the adult costume seam in the adult costume middle
of the adult costume panty. Perfect for high slit gowns, mini-skirts and
when wearing with lingerie.
Also for the adult costume person who wants a bit more support on the
adult costume top half, there are pantyhose that have panel gussets
incorporated into them. These are either single or double types. In the
adult costume single type, there are two seams instead of the adult
costume usual one, with a single one on the adult costume opposite side;
with double panel gussets, there are two seams on either side. the adult
costume single type can be worn either way. They both help to expand the
adult costume top panty area. There are also types of pantyhose which
have a lacy panty area which is normally floral in design. (citation
needed) Many pantyhose brands now produce pantyhose that do away with
seams completely, so that the adult costume outline is smooth from top
to bottom.
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Within the United States, historically, in the 19th and early 20th
centuries, shorts were only worn by young boys until they reached a
certain height or maturity. When they got older, they would receive
their first pair of long trousers. This produced the perception that
shorts were only for young boys. Because of this perception, men would
not wear shorts, to avoid looking immature. Since about World War II,
when soldiers often served in tropical locations, adult men have worn
shorts more often, but the perception of shorts only being for young
boys took several decades to change and to some extent still exists.
Today, shorts are worn by either sex in the United States, from birth
through old age without any stigma attached. But in many countries there
are few formal settings where wearing shorts would be acceptable, as
they are considered casual wear. In many American offices, where there
is an official casual dress standard, shorts are often specifically
forbidden. Since the 1990s casual office dress has grown in many
businesses to include dress shorts. Gym and jean shorts are often seen
as too casual for office attire.
In Africa and the Middle East, the wearing of shorts by adults is less
common. While it is common for boys to wear shorts, women and young
girls almost universally do not. These customs are often due in part to
moral and social taboos regarding the perceived sexually suggestive
nature of exposing of the female legs. Men on the other hand, almost
universally do not wear shorts, possibly for many of the same reasons
for which men in the United States would not until the later part of the
20th century.
There are many styles of shorts:
Baggies: Loose fitting shorts which reach the knees. These were the
standard shorts worn by English football teams before
A young American male in cargo shorts
World War II. West Bromwich Albion FC are nicknamed the Baggies because
their team used to wear particularly baggy shorts. During the late 1990s
this type of shorts had a short revival in popularity among some Premier
league teams in England.
Bermuda shorts: Knee-length shorts commonly worn in Bermuda as business
attire, or largely any style less than formal or black-tie [1]. The
style has also been adopted exclusively as a casual style in other
locales.
Board shorts: A combination of shorts and a bathing suit, typically worn
by men, which have recently gained in popularity. Board shorts are
manufactured by such companies as Billabong, Quiksilver, and Old Navy.
The shorts are made of a bathing-suit like material, targeting a
beach-going demographic. The "board" refers to surfboards and skimboards,
although many wakeboarders also wear them. In the 1980's, board shorts
were called "jams".
Boxer shorts: Mainly used as male underwear. Some years ago, this term
also related to a basic style male short.
Boyshorts: Similar to boxer briefs, but for females.
Bun huggers: Short, tight, athletic shorts also known as "racing
briefs", commonly made from spandex and/or nylon. These shorts are
compulsory for girls and women in some schools and for some adult
athletic events such as volleyball. It is claimed that their tight fit
and the fact that they barely go down past the "buns" give wearers an
unhindered range of motion that is necessary in sports such as
volleyball. However, the figure-hugging nature of these shorts makes
some wearers feel uncomfortable, and making them compulsory for women
has been described as "venturing into the arena of athlete
exploitation". [2] Bun huggers for men also exist. These resemble boxer
briefs.
Cargo shorts: Typically khaki shorts with cargo pockets. Similar to
cargo pants, but around knee-length.
Culottes: A divided skirt resembling a pair of loose-cut shorts,
originally popularized as a practical horse and bicycle-riding garment
by dress reform feminists at the turn of the 20th century.
Cut-offs: Home-made by cutting the legs off trousers, typically jeans,
above the knee. These were particularly popular in the early 1970s. The
cut is not finished or hemmed and the fabric is left to fray. They
became so popular, they were sold in stores as such. Originally a
practical use for trousers with worn-through knees, they are now a type
of shorts in their own right. The ultra-short version of jean cut-offs
are also known as Daisy Dukes, in reference to Catherine Bach's
character of that name from the American television show The sheer g-string.
The character Tobias Fünke from the television series Arrested
Development is also known for wearing cut-off jeans.
Cycling shorts: Skin-tight shorts originally worn by cyclists to reduce
chafing while cycling, but which have since been adopted as street wear
and active wear by girls and younger women. Also commonly known as "bike
shorts".
Dolphin shorts: An athletic style of shorts, notable for visible binding
of an often contrasting color. The name may refer to a side-view of the
binding of each leg's lower hem, resembling the shape of a dolphin tail.
Like gym shorts, they often feature a cord to be tied around the waist
at the front. These were a popular trend in the 1980s gym scene.
Gym shorts: Cotton or spandex shorts usually with a cord sewn in that
can be tied at the front. Gym shorts are often worn in gym class or for
participation in sports, hence the name. They are usually not form
fitting when worn by men or female athletes, but are often form fitting
when worn by women as casual dress. Length is usually from just above
the knee to just below the knee. In the 1970s and 1980s in the US gym
shorts were often form fitting and only slightly longer than boxer
shorts.
Hot pants: Commonly known as "short shorts." These are short, tight
shorts, usually made of cotton, nylon, or some other common material.
They are meant to emphasize the buttocks and the legs. Hot pants are
sometimes worn with dark tights and knee-length boots to create an edgy,
sexy look. Hot pants were very popular in the early 1970s, but declined
in popularity during the late 1970s. The fashion revived in the 1990s.
Jorts: Jean shorts.
Lederhosen: Traditional German leather shorts.
Skorts: Have a piece of fabric in front, creating the illusion of being
a skirt from the front. The term is a portmanteau of "skirt" and
"shorts".
Stubbies: Very short, fitted men’s shorts; associated with the 1970s and
1980s. (Named for a character who wore shorts frequently on a 70's TV
show. The captain of a cruise ship.)
Running shorts: Reach only the upper thigh; intended to provide maximum
freedom of movement in sports activities. These are often made from
Nylon, which has the advantage of being very hardwearing. After Adidas
sponsored the 1980 Olympic Games [3], Adidas nylon track shorts were a
fashion item for some years.
Three quarter pants: A name used to refer to other types of shorts such
as Shants or Shankles.
Walking shorts: Long pant length, reaching to the knees. Intended for
casual wear in warm weather that is often permissible in work settings.
Usually has pockets and waist loops for an optional belt.
Zip-off shorts: A pair of long pants that zip off at the knee, allowing
the wearer to change from pants to shorts as the weather changes.
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Hot Underwear Bra. All rights reserved
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